- Idiopathic
- Diabetes mellitus
- Alcohol Abuse.
- Hypothyroidism
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Chronic kidney disease
- Obstructive (cholestatic) liver disease
- Anorexia nervosa
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Familial, eg, familial hypercholesterolemia
- Obesity
- Smoking – smoking decreases HDL and causes insulin resistance.
- Medications: thiazides (short-term effect), beta-blockers (short-term effect), oral contraceptives, corticosteroids, cyclosporine