I: Ischemia (vasculitis, cholesterol emboli, hypovolemic shock, cardiopulmonary bypass), idiopathic
G: gallstones
E: ethanol (alcohol)
T: tumors: panc/ampullary tumors, mets (breast, lung)
S: surgery and trauma: Pancreatic/biliary surgery, manipulated sphincter of Oddi (ERCP), Post cardiac surgery, Blunt trauma to abdomen, Penetrating peptic ulcer. Steroids (?)
M: microbiological
- Viruses: Mumps virus,cocksackie virus, EBV, CMV, HAV, HBV;
- Bacteria: Mycoplasma, TB;
- Fungi: candida
- Parasites: Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma Gondii), cryptosporidiosis
A: autoimmune, autosomal dominant with variable penetrance (PRSS1, CFTR, SPINK1 genes)
S: scorpion sting (in Trinidad)
H: hypertriglyceridemia (TG > 1000)/hypercalcaemia (metabolic disorders),
E: emboli and Ischemia (above)
D: drugs: furosemide, thiazides, sulfa, ddl, ?DPP-4 inhib, asparaginase, estrogen, 6-MP/AZA, ACEI, dapsone, 5-ASA, valproic acid
References
Pancreas. 1996 Nov;13(4):356-71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8899796
Yonsei Medical Journal. 2013;54(1):154-159. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521256/