Risk factors: Young age, substance abuse, etc.
Screening Tests
“Several screening instruments can be used to screen women for IPV. Those with the highest levels of sensitivity and specificity for identifying IPV are Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (HITS) (English and Spanish versions); Ongoing Abuse Screen/Ongoing Violence Assessment Tool (OAS/OVAT); Slapped, Threatened, and Throw (STaT); Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick (HARK); Modified Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF); and Woman Abuse Screen Tool (WAST).
The HITS instrument includes 4 questions, can be used in a primary care setting, and is available in both English and Spanish. It can be self- or clinician-administered. HARK is a self-administered 4-item instrument. STaT is a 3-item self-report instrument that was tested in an emergency department setting.
The USPSTF found no valid, reliable screening tools to identify abuse of elderly or vulnerable adults in the primary care setting.” USTPSTF
Medical consequences stemming from IPV include not only injury and death but also sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancy, chronic pain, and neurologic and gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, IPV is also associated with chronic mental health conditions, such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior.
Effective interventions to reduce IPV in women of childbearing age are available. These include counseling, home visits, information cards, referrals to community service, and mentoring support.
References
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening