Neuropathic pain is pain that results from damage to or pathology within the nervous system. It can be central or peripheral. There are many causes of neuropathic pain such as DM, postherpetic neuralgia, and stroke.
Nociceptive pain, on the other hand, is caused by stimuli that threaten or provoke actual tissue damage. E.g. of causes are musculoskeletal conditions, inflammation, or mechanical/compressive problems.