PIRATES Mnemonic for causes of new onset atrial fibrillation

MNEMONICS

P.I.R.A.T.E.S Mnemonic for new-onset atrial fibrillation

Pulmonary causes (OSA, PE, COPD, pneumonia)
Ischemia/Infarction/CAD
Rheumatic heart disease and Mitral Regurgitation (abnormal heart valve)
Alcohol / Anemia  (high output failure)
Thyrotoxicosis / Toxins, especially stimulant medications, caffeine, tobacco or alcohol
Electrolytes/Endocarditis
Sepsis (infection) / Sick sinus syndrome.

OSA = Obstructive sleep apnea

Other causes:

  • High blood pressure
  • Congenital heart defects
  • Previous heart surgery
  • Viral infections
  • Stress due to surgery or other illnesses

PIRATES drink a lot of alcohol and their blood pressure is high.

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