• increased dietary protein,
  • constipation,
  • GIB,
  • med noncompliance,
  • infection (including SBP and UTI),
  • azotemia/renal failure,
  • hypoxia,
  • hypokalemia,
  • metabolic alkalosis,
  • hypovolemia,
  • HCC,
  • portosystemic shunt,
  • meds,
  • hepatic or portal vein thrombosis,
  • sedative or tranquilizer use,
  • hypoglycemia.
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