| Parameter | Normal Range, Formula, etc |
| Normal Urine output (adult): | 0.5 ml/kg/hr to 1 ml /kg /hr |
| Normal Urine output (infant): | 2ml / kg / hr |
| Ounce, Tablespon, and Teaspon conversions: | 1 tsp = 5ml 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = 15 ml 1 oz = 30ml |
| Blood Pressure | CO x SVR = BP |
| Cardiac Output | CO=SV x HR |
Table of Contents
Handy Formulas
- Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) =(%seg + %bands) x total WBC
- Serum osmolality = 2 (Na+) + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8
- BP=CO x SVR
- CO=SV x HR
Handy Conversions
| Teaspoon to mL | 1tsp = 5ml |
| Tablespoon to Teaspoon | 1tbsp = 3 tsp |
| Kg to pound | 1 Kg = 2.2 lbs |
| Pound to ounces | 1lb = 16 oz |
| Liter to fluid oz | 1 liter = 33.8 oz (i.e. 34 oz) |
Normal Albumin
Normal values for albumin are 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL with 4 g/dL as the average.
Urine Sodium (adult)
Normal range: Generally 20 mEq/L in a random urine sample and 40 to 220 mEq/L per day (mEq/L/day). The result depends on the person’s fluid and salt intake.
Urine Potassium (adult)
The usual range for a person on a regular diet is 25 to 125 mEq/l per day. A lower or higher urinary level may occur depending on the amount of potassium in your diet and the amount of potassium in your body.
Fractional Excretion of Sodium
FENa = (Urine Na / Plasma Na) ÷ (Urine Creatinine / Plasma Creatinine)
More on FENa
Fractional Excretion of Urea
FEurea = (Urine Urea / Plasma Urea) ÷ (Urine Creatine / Plasma Creatinine)
FEurea < 35% in prerenal states. Not affected by diuretics.
Anion Gap
AG = Na – (Cl + HCO3). Normal range = 8-12 mEq/L. In some labs using new autoanalysers, the range is 3-11 mEq/L. If the gap is greater than normal, then high anion gap metabolic acidosis is diagnosed. Whether your lab is using new or old analyzers, if you have an anion gap of greater than 16, you have high anion gap metabolic acidosis, period!
*Some sources cite the normal AG range as 8-14.
Corrected Sodium
The sodium concentration will fall by about 2 meq/L for each 100 mg/100 mL (5.5 mmol/L) increase in glucose concentration. A simple and convenient correction of the serum sodium for hyperglycemia is as follows – add 2 meq/L to the serum sodium for every 100 mg/dL of serum glucose above the normal value.
Corrected Calcium
Corrected serum Ca = measured [Ca2+] + [0.8 × (4.0 – measured albumin)]
(calcium conc. measured in mg/ dL, albumin in g/ d)
Arterial Blood Gasses (ABG)
Osmolality (serum)
osm = (2 × [Na +]) + ([ glucose]/ 18) + ([ BUN]/ 2.8)
[Na] is measured in mEq/ L, and [glucose] and [BUN] in mg/ dL
Criteria and Calculators
- Well’s Criteria for DVT – http://www.mdcalc.com/wells-criteria-for-dvt/
- CHA2DS2-VASc calculates stroke risk for patients with atrial fibrillation: http://www.mdcalc.com/cha2ds2-vasc-score-for-atrial-fibrillation-stroke-risk/
Glasgow Coma Scale
Mini-Mental Status Exam
The ionic concentration of normal saline
| Sodium Chloride Injection Solution | Sodium and Chloride Content (mEq/L of each) | Estimated Calculated Osmolarity (mOsm/L) |
|---|---|---|
| 0.45% Sodium chloride injection (hypotonic solution) | 77 | 154 |
| 0.9% Sodium chloride injection (normal saline) | 154 | 308 |
| 3% Sodium chloride injection (hypertonic solution) | 513 | 1025 |
| 5% Sodium chloride injection (hypertonic solution) | 855 | 1710 |